The hydrology of Costa Rica

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Human beings use water in multiple activities and in these uses they morphologically change the ecohydrological state of the bodies of water being used. In many places water is extracted beyond ecological sustainable levels and new compounds are introduced which alter water’s physical chemistry. These changes impact the ecosystems and populations that depend on this life giving resource. Water is an essential resource for life, for the functioning of ecosystems and for the socioeconomic development of communities. The interconnectivity of the world is undeniable; the poor management of water resources impacts everyone, and now climate change has exacerbated the water crisis across the world.

The rivers of the planet have been gravely affected and intensely polluted by human activity. The increase in organic matter from sewage, plastic waste, pathogens and nutrients from agricultural runoff, pollutants from industry, ongoing decrease in biodiversity and aquatic health, as well as the established negative impacts all these have on human health, make the current paradigm deleterious. 

With increased means of production our societies have intensified consumption habits. There is unrelenting urbanization, supported by harmful agricultural practices. There’s accelerated deterioration and devastation of habitats for biodiversity with the depletion of natural resources essential for all living beings. In addition, increased recurrence of extreme hydrometeorological phenomena, the massive extinction of species, and the degradation of soils, all confirm the urgency for a new paradigm. 

Establishing a paradigm that guarantees a healthy ecosystem for all inhabitants, that is harmonious with nature, that can make multi-generational commitments for the future of our world is imperative. Several proposals such as Regenerative Development and Integrated Water Resources Management seek to address the triple emergency of climate change, pollution, and growing deterioration of ecosystems with the consequent extinction of species, as declared by the Secretary General of the United Nations in 2021.

As a whole, the harmful impacts which human societies have inflicted on the environment have their origin in an anthropocentric perception of nature, in  the reckless use and management of natural resources, and human disconnection to their own environment.

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